Ruff (white collar) Symbolism

Framing device that spotlights identity and refinement; focuses attention on the act of attentive looking/reading.

Common Themes

The modern lens: urban life & speedMimesis vs. abstraction (truth vs. artifice)Everyday life as art (the ordinary)Medium reflexivity (art about art)Leisure & recreationGender & sexualityFashion & adornmentClass & inequality

Artworks Featuring This Symbol

Woman Reading by Édouard Manet

Woman Reading

Édouard Manet (1880–82)

Manet’s Woman Reading distills a fleeting act into an emblem of <strong>modern self-possession</strong>: a bundled figure raises a journal-on-a-stick, her luminous profile set against a brisk mosaic of greens and reds. With quick, loaded strokes and a deliberately cropped <strong>beer glass</strong> and paper, Manet turns perception itself into subject—asserting the drama of a private mind within a public café world <sup>[1]</sup><sup>[2]</sup>.