Originality, authorship, and appropriation
Featured Artworks

The Artist's Garden at Giverny
Claude Monet (1900)
In The Artist's Garden at Giverny, Claude Monet turns his cultivated Clos Normand into a field of living color, where bands of violet <strong>irises</strong> surge toward a narrow, rose‑colored path. Broken, flickering strokes let greens, purples, and pinks mix optically so that light seems to tremble across the scene, while lilac‑toned tree trunks rhythmically guide the gaze inward <sup>[1]</sup><sup>[3]</sup>.

Sunflowers
Vincent van Gogh (1888)
Vincent van Gogh’s Sunflowers (1888) is a <strong>yellow-on-yellow</strong> still life that stages a full <strong>cycle of life</strong> in fifteen blooms, from fresh buds to brittle seed heads. The thick impasto, green shocks of stem and bract, and the vase signed <strong>“Vincent”</strong> turn a humble bouquet into an emblem of endurance and fellowship <sup>[1]</sup><sup>[2]</sup>.

Luncheon on the Grass
Édouard Manet (1863)
Luncheon on the Grass stages a confrontation between <strong>modern Parisian leisure</strong> and <strong>classical precedent</strong>. A nude woman meets our gaze beside two clothed men, while a distant bather and an overturned picnic puncture naturalistic illusion. Manet’s scale and flat, studio-like light convert a park picnic into a manifesto of <strong>modern painting</strong> <sup>[1]</sup><sup>[2]</sup>.

Woman at Her Toilette
Berthe Morisot (1875–1880)
Woman at Her Toilette stages a private ritual of self-fashioning, not a spectacle of vanity. A woman, seen from behind, lifts her arm to adjust her hair as a <strong>black velvet choker</strong> punctuates Morisot’s silvery-violet haze; the <strong>mirror’s blurred reflection</strong> with powders, jars, and a white flower refuses a clear face. Morisot’s <strong>feathery facture</strong> turns a fleeting toilette into modern subjectivity made visible <sup>[1]</sup>.

Irises
Vincent van Gogh (1889)
Painted in May 1889 at the Saint-Rémy asylum garden, Vincent van Gogh’s <strong>Irises</strong> turns close observation into an act of repair. Dark contours, a cropped, print-like vantage, and vibrating complements—violet/blue blossoms against <strong>yellow-green</strong> ground—stage a living frieze whose lone <strong>white iris</strong> punctuates the field with arresting clarity <sup>[1]</sup><sup>[2]</sup>.

Camille (The Woman in the Green Dress)
Claude Monet (1866)
Monet’s Camille (The Woman in the Green Dress) turns a full-length portrait into a study of <strong>modern spectacle</strong>. The spotlit emerald-and-black skirt, set against a near-black curtain, makes <strong>fashion</strong> the engine of meaning and the vehicle of status.